Since the start of the ongoing genocide in Gaza in October 2023, Italy has maintained a strategic and continuous pipeline of military hardware and energy resources to Israel, directly facilitating the technical infrastructure of the assault. Despite repeated public assurances from Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani and Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni that Italy had restricted arms exports to Israel, this report exposes a vastly different reality: a network of Italian companies, state-linked entities, and logistical infrastructure that has delivered at least 416 military-related shipments and over 224 kilotonnes of fuel originating in Italy to Israel since October 2023 – totals confirmed through shipping records that likely represent only a fraction of the true scale of transfers.

As a signatory to the Geneva Conventions, the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), and the Genocide Convention, Italy is legally and morally bound to ensure that its industrial and state exports do not facilitate serious violations of international law. The evidence presented in this report strongly suggests that these obligations have been breached through supply chains that have bypassed public scrutiny and helped sustain the machinery of genocide, with downstream implications also suggesting an Italian role in the current war on Iran.

Alongside manufacturers and suppliers, the shipments detailed in this report also implicate major Italian airports and seaports, including Rome Fiumicino, Milan Malpensa, Genoa, and Ravenna. They further implicate fuel terminals at Taranto and Santa Panagia Bay, maritime carriers such as Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) and ZIM, and airlines including EL AL, ITA Airways, and Challenge Air Cargo.